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Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa

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The Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa (FLMSA) is a loosely organized regional political international of seven political parties which were involved in the African nationalist movements against colonialism and white-minority rule in Southern Africa. It has its roots in the Frontline States, a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia.[1] Its original members are the African National Congress (South Africa), Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania), FRELIMO (Mozambique), the MPLA (Angola), SWAPO (Namibia), and ZAPU and ZANU–PF (Zimbabwe).[2] In 2019, the Botswana Democratic Party, the ruling party of Botswana, joined the FLMSA.[2][3]

Members[edit]

Party Abbreviation Country Established National legislature seats
Lower house Upper house
African National Congress ANC  South Africa 1912
159 / 400
54 / 90
Botswana Democratic Party BDP  Botswana 1961
38 / 65
Chama Cha Mapinduzi CCM  Tanzania 1977
362 / 393
Liberation Front of Mozambique FRELIMO  Mozambique 1962
184 / 250
People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola MPLA  Angola 1956
124 / 220
SWAPO Party of Namibia SWAPO  Namibia 1960
63 / 104
28 / 42
Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front ZANU–PF  Zimbabwe 1963
179 / 270
34 / 80

Summits[edit]

City Country Date Ref.
Johannesburg  South Africa October 2000 [4]
Harare  Zimbabwe 2001 [4]
Johannesburg  South Africa 25 November 2008 [5]
Dar es Salaam  Tanzania 4 May 2010 [1][6]
Windhoek  Namibia 11 August 2011 [1][7]
Pretoria  South Africa 6–9 March 2013 [5][7]
Dar es Salaam  Tanzania October 2013 [8][9]
Maputo  Mozambique 20 November 2015 [10]
Victoria Falls  Zimbabwe 4–8 May 2016 [11]
 Zimbabwe December 2017 [12][13]
Windhoek  Namibia 20–22 November 2018 [14]
Victoria Falls  Zimbabwe 8–12 September 2019 [15]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "President in SA for former liberation movements meeting". The Herald. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b Matanda, Dennis (19 March 2021). "Decoding China's Africa Strategy beyond 2021: A Discussion with Paul Nantulya". The Habari Network. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress". Bulawayo24 News. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  4. ^ a b Tendi, Blessing-Miles (2010). Making History in Mugabe's Zimbabwe: Politics, Intellectuals, and the Media. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-03911-989-9.
  5. ^ a b "Meeting of Former Liberation Movements: 06-09 March 2013". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Summit for Liberation Movements Begins". The Herald. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via allAfrica.
  7. ^ a b "NLMs commend Zanu-PF for its leadership". Politicsweb. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  8. ^ Robi, Anne (10 October 2013). "African govts urged to embrace people's interests". Daily News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  9. ^ Mataire, Lovemore Ranga (5 December 2015). "Ex-liberation movements rule Southern Africa". The Southern Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  10. ^ "Former liberation movements stress economic cooperation". The Zimbabwean. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  11. ^ Fabricius, Peter (1 February 2018). "A wind of change blows through Southern Africa". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  12. ^ Fabricius, Peter (15 December 2017). "When 'democracy' becomes 'regime change'". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  13. ^ Nantulya, Paul (30 August 2018). "Grand Strategy and China's Soft Power Push in Africa". WATHI. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  14. ^ "Namibia to host SADC liberation movements summit | nbc". NBC. 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  15. ^ "Ramaphosa, Magufuli, Masisi, Geingob, Nyusi, Lourenço and Mnangagwa to attend FLM summit in Vitoria Falls, Zimbabwe". Club of Mozambique. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2023.

External links[edit]

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